Who Loves Whom? A Re-Examination of Romans 8:35 in Context

Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? Shall tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword? Romans 8:35

This verse is as familiar to me as my own name.  I’ve read, heard and quoted it many thousands of times.  I’ve heard it preached over and over as an encouragement to depend on the unchanging love of Christ for me. Unfortunately, the verses that are the most familiar are often the easiest to gloss over and miss the real meaning because we already “understand” it.

Every time I read the whole chapter, though, I felt uncomfortable about what this verse was saying in context about the love of God.  So Christ loves me no matter what my circumstances: I “get” that.  The next verse, however, seems to say that because Christ loves us,  He has us killed all day every day.   I know God sometimes expresses “tough love”, but is that the encouragement Paul is offering the suffering church?  “Hang on, Christ loves you so much He’s having you killed”?

We never doubt the eternal, sacrificial and unconditional love of Christ.  The Scripture attests to it over and over.  But not in Romans 8:35.  The problem comes from interpreting the genitive “tou Xristou” (of Christ) without comparing the context.  I’m going to get a little bit technical, but I believe this is easy to follow so stay with me.  If it isn’t, then comment and I will try again.

When a genitive case (which “of Christ” in this verse is) follows an “action noun” such as love, there are three possible functions it can fulfill.  Only the first two would fit the grammar of this sentence, so I will leave off the third. The only clue we have to chose which function is appropriate is context.  In this place, the subjective function has always been used, making “love of Christ” the subject of the sentence. In other words, Christ is the lover, the one doing the action.  There is no grammatical barrier to this usage, but does it fit the rest of the passage?  Possibly, but I believe there is a better way.

The second possibility is the objective function, placing “of Christ” in the position of direct object of love.  In other words, Christ is the one receiving the love, or being loved.  If we were to use this function, we could translate the verse “Who shall separate us from our love for Christ?”  In other words, after discussing the brevity and insignificance of our suffering compared with the glory Christ has purchased for us, and then going on to consider the help and hope He offers through His Spirit even though we brought suffering on not only ourselves but all His creation, he asks, “How much do we love Him?”.  He then goes on in verse 36 to quote Psalm 44, indicating we willingly lay down our lives for the One who loved us so.

It’s interesting to compare the lists from verse 35 and verses 38-39.  The things Paul lists as possibly coming between us and our love for God are all earthly — tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword.  The things he lists as not possibly coming between us and God’s love for us are all spiritual — death nor life, nor angels nor principalities nor powers, nor things present nor things to come, nor height nor depth, nor any other created thing.  Because God defends us from what we cannot overcome, He gives us the strength to overcome the things we can.

What can separate you from your love for Christ?

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Fruit of The Spirit Part 1

But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, goodness, faithfulness,
Galatians 5:22

In this verse, “fruit” is singular, not plural. This tells us the character traits listed are stages of maturity rather than individual fruits.

Apple trees produce buds in early Spring, then flowers, then the petals fall off, the base of the flower swells into a tiny apple, which grows into the mature, delicious fruit.

The first bud of spiritual fruit is love. Love is the basic, defining character trait of the Christian life. Jesus said, “ By this all will know that you are My disciples, if you have love for one another.” (John 13:35). The identifying characteristic of a disciple of Jesus Christ is love. In my own nature, my highest desire and driving motivation is to be loved. We begin as infants and through all stages of life we seek to be wanted, included, cared for. A life spent seeking love leads to frustration and disappointment. The spiritual life begins with laying aside my desires and seeking to love others, regardless of return. Loving others is the bud of joy.

Greek, the language of the New Testament, has 4 different words for love. The word Paul uses in Galatians 5:22 means an unselfish, sacrificial love. It is the word that is used for how God loves us.

Every other kind of love comes with expectations. Romantic love, family love, friendship love — all must be returned in order to be complete. Loving someone in one of these ways without being loved in return leads to heartache, bitterness and broken relationships.

Agape love, Godly love, is self fulfilling. The completion of loving someone in this way is not in them loving you back, but in you getting to experience the way God loves you personally and deeply. In Romans 5:8, Paul gives us a breathtaking picture of God’s infinite, undemanding love — “But God demonstrates His own love toward us, in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us.” God displayed His love for us by Christ giving His life for those who continued to sin. He loved us while we hated Him. John 3:16 tells us that God loved and sacrificed for all, knowing many would never accept or return His love. This is why the doctrine of limited atonement is dangerous – it diminishes the self sufficiency of God’s love. The fact that there are those in Hell for whom Christ died does not diminish Christ’s efficacy, it magnifies God’s magnanimity. Real love, God’s love, the love of God’s people produced by the Holy Spirit in the new nature, is complete in the giving.

Joy

In the New Testament, we never find joy or happiness defined, but we find them described. The word Μακάριοι is in many translations represented as “blessed”, but is often, and better, translated as “happy”. Read Matthew 5, in which chapter the conditions of happiness are described 9 times. Throughout the New Testament we see “happy” followed by a “because”. Happiness is a response to circumstances.

On the other hand, χαρᾶς is translated as “joy”. This word is very closely related to the word χάρις, which means both grace and gift. There are never conditions described for joy in the New Testament, simply commands to rejoice! Read Matthew 28:9, Romans 12:15, Philippians 3:1. God does not command us to a reaction but to an attitude. An attitude that understands life as a gift, and settles in to trust the Giver regardless of circumstances.

Joy is produced by love because love turns our thoughts away from ourselves and focuses on others. O. Henry wrote a wonderful story, titled “The Gift of the Magi”, in which a man and wife are very poor, but each possess a cherished item they value above any comfort selling would provide. Yet each secretly sells their treasure in order to buy a Christmas gift for the other. The heartache of the sacrifice was nothing to the joy of the giving. Hebrews 12:2 says, “looking unto Jesus, the author and finisher of our faith, who for the joy that was set before Him endured the cross, despising the shame…”. We see even for Jesus, the parent of joy was sacrificial love. In order to experience the joy of redeeming us, He endured the suffering of the cross. If He had not loved us enough to die for our sins while we still rebelled against Him, he could not have experienced the joy that was set before Him.

Have you ever picked an apple off a tree and bitten into it, to discover a worm living inside? How did the worm get there?

Most of the time, a worm in the fruit starts out as an egg on the blossom. When the apple tree flowers, insects come and lay their eggs in the blooms, and the fruit forms around them. Once the fruit is large enough and ripe enough, the eggs hatch and the worms eat their way out. Apple orchards must spray the budding trees to protect the ripened fruit.

We have already seen how joy is the product of sacrificial love. But sometimes our love gets contaminated with hopes of recognition, or desires for recompense, or feelings of pride or self righteousness. Then the joy that follows is also contaminated with discontent, or disappointment or hurt feelings.

To have pure fruit, we must guard against the eggs of corruption.

Peace

Therefore humble yourselves under the mighty hand of God, that He may exalt you in due time, 7 casting all your care upon Him, for He cares for you.
I Peter 5:6-7

In this verse we learn that my anxiety is a symptom of pride. If I can’t be in control, I don’t want to participate. So I build a lifestyle that gives me a sense of control, even though I know there are a million factors that could overturn it all in a second. So I worry about that.

Peace comes with humility. I have to constantly remind myself that things can happen and there’s nothing I can do about it. I can’t control other people’s feelings or reactions. I can’t control the weather or my health or the economy. But God can. My only choice is to do the thing that is in front of me, trusting God. He put me in this place and He set up my circumstances. He isn’t going to be surprised by what happens. Things are out of my control, but nothing is beyond His mighty hand. He cares for me, and I can trust Him.

Nothing is better for a man than that he should eat and drink, and that his soul should enjoy good in his labor. This also, I saw, was from the hand of God. Ecclesiastes 2:24

Patience

My brethren, count it all joy when you fall into various trials,  knowing that the testing of your faith produces patience. But let patience have its perfect work, that you may be perfect and complete, lacking nothing.
James 1:2-4

How does James expect us to consider falling into various trials as unadulterated joy? This is the opposite of my natural response to being surprised by one tough time after another. My flesh wants to feel frustration, anger, discouragement, inadequacy. God says I should experience joy. How?

Because we know the trials are purposeful and useful. There is an end, and that end is progress toward our real, complete self. It is the joy of trusting the Master Potter that allows patience to have it’s complete work accomplished.

Many find joy in working out. Why? Working out is painful, dirty, sweaty, time consuming. If we push ourselves properly, we will experience failure more times than we find success. But we know all the pain, sweat, failure and frustration is changing us into a new, better self, with more strength, more control, more patience. We test our limits to expand them.

James tells us the testing of our faith produces patience. We endure to be able to endure more, to be who we are supposed to be.

2 Peter 1 — How Can I Be Sure?

Vs. 1 — Greeting

Simeon — the Hebrew version of Simon, only used one other time in NT to refer to Peter (Acts 15:14)

Bondslave and Apostle — his ministry rooted in his slavery

Been Granted — received through no effort of one’s own

Precious Faith — Our faith is as effectual as that of the eyewitnesses

Vs. 2 — Grace And Peace

Lavished on You — poured out until you overflow, “gracious plenty”

As You Grow — Grace and Peace are the products of experiencing Christ

Vs. 3 — Everything We Need for Life and Godliness

Everything we need is found in the knowledge of the One Who called us (Titus 1:1)

Vs. 4 — Partakers of the Divine Nature

Through these things — the rich knowledge vs. 3

Wordly Corruption Produced by Evil Desire — We participate in the world’s corruption because our own internal desires are corrupt. 

Vs. 5-7 — Expressing Our New Nature

Faith is a gift (vs. 1), adding it’s attendant attitudes takes effort

Excellence — Moral excellence, an attitude of progress and improvement

Experience

Self Control — Xenophon called this “the foundation of all virtues”, Peter disagrees. Self control is a product of learning from the experience of working out our faith.

Perseverance — to bear up under

Godliness — a “God aware” life

Brotherly affection — John 21:15-17

Love — self sacrificing love

Vs. 8-9 — Eyes on the Prize or Nearsighted Stumbling

V.s 10-11 — Assurance of Your Call Is Found in Obedience

I Corinthians 3 — Builders Beware!

I Corinthians 3 — Builders Beware!

Paul begins this chapter with a rebuke of the believers in the Corinthian church for their carnality — their tendency to satisfy their flesh rather than grow in their spirits.  This carnality was manifested in several errors addressed in this letter, but this chapter focuses on their attraction to personalities rather than to Christ.  These people were more interested in the preacher than the message, and this failing caused division in the body.  

Beginning in verse 5, he describes the value of the servant in agricultural terms.  Paul planted the seed of the Word, and Apollos came along after and watered it. The success of the seed was not dependent on the personality of the farmer, but on the grace of God.  Paul and Apollos were tools, the field is the Lord’s.

In the middle of verse 9, Paul abruptly changes metaphors. You can almost see his eyes light up as he says “You are God’s field — God’s Building!”  This metaphor is one that is used by Paul later in Ephesians 2, and Peter picks it up again in 1 Peter 2.  It is important to understand here that the “you” in verse 9 is not you as an individual, it is a collective you as the church.  The Church is the field they worked in, the building they were constructing.  1 Peter says that we are living stones in the same way that Christ is the Living Stone, and we are built up on Him as the Chief Corner Stone.  I preached a sermon on that passage a few weeks ago that you can check out if you want to know more about that.

So we see the stones are not the works of believers, but the believers themselves.  The builders are those, Paul, Apollos and others, who are winning souls and bringing them into the church.  The contrast between gold, silver and precious stones and wood, hay and stubble is indicative of what the workers are adding to the building. It is the Church that will be tried by fire.  So the gold, silver and precious stones that will withstand the test are those true believers who are built on Christ as the only real foundation.  The wood, hay and stubble are people that have been brought into the congregation based on following a personality without any real connection to the Foundation, that is Christ.  

This is a warning to others who were working the field, trying to emulate Paul or Apollos in mannerism or personality, hoping to attract people based on their charisma rather than on the transformation Christ brings.  When the testing comes, those who were only there because of the preacher will be consumed, but those who are true to Christ will still stand.  The builders who, to mix Paul’s metaphors again, sowed the Word, will reap a reward, but those who built with unconverted human material will see the work of their lives vanish away like smoke and ash.

We see this in our day as well. Congregations that are built on the preacher’s talents and personality will not stand the test of persecution or the loss of their leader. These works are consumed.  Preachers who preach the Gospel and build on the foundation of Christ can expect an eternal reward.  

Paul ends the chapter with a warning to the stones.  The church is the temple of God — the place where God meets with man in this age. The temple is holy — it is set apart for an eternal purpose. If you are not built on the foundation of Christ, if you are a wood block or hay bale defiling the building, know the fire is coming, and God will burn you out.  Don’t be deceived by someone skilled in human wisdom and philosophy. It is the Church that matters, not the builder.

Where God Meets With Men

I Peter 2:4-12

Where God Meets With Man

Vs. 4 — Built Up By Coming to Him

Luke 23:36 — Mocked Him by coming up to Him

Rejected By Men Because He Was Chosen By God

Vs. 5 — Living Stones Built Together

The stones are not the temple, the stones built up together are the temple

John 2:21 — Christ’s body is the new temple

The church is Christ’s body Colossians 1:18-24

A Place of Meeting and Sacrifice — We represent God to man and man to God

Vs. 6 — Isaiah 28:16

Vs. 7-8 — Belief Gives Understanding, Unbelief Causes Stumbling

Vs. 7 — Psalm 118:22

Vs. 8 — Isaiah 8:14

  Vs. 7 — See His Value — We understand the importance of lining up

    Builders rejected — Christ didn’t fit the structure the Jews had

Vs. 9-10 — Out of Rubble God Is Building a House

Vs. 11-12 — Rubble Stones Must Be Dressed to Be Usable I Kings 6:7

Practical Principles for Spiritual Newborns

I Peter 1:22-2:3

Practical Principles for Spiritual Newborns

1:22 — Pure Love is the Product of a Pure Heart

Obedience purifies

Sincere love = intentional love

1:23 — New Birth from New Seed

New birth is not a revival of old life, but an entirely new creation

II Corinthians 5:17

Romans 6:4

Perishable Seed vs. Imperishable — death ends the fruit of the old seed

The Word of God produces eternal fruit

Leviticus 19:2

Mark 4:14

2:1-2 — New Life Means New Desire

Get rid of the old desires, and learn new desires

“Desire” is a command

Proper Growth Requires Genuine Nutrition

“Sincere” a different word, here it is genuine, the real article

The Word is both seed and sustenance 

2:3 — Quotation from Psalm 34:8

I Peter 1:1-9 Attaining the Goal

I Peter

Chapter 1:1-9  Attaining the Goal

Vs. 1 — Sojourners = People living in a temporary situation. See Philippians 3:20

Vs. 3 — The Great Mercy of the New Birth

A Living Hope

A Future Inheritance

Impregnable

Kept fresh

Unfading

Reserved

Vs. 5 — The Surety of Our Future Salvation

Protected = Watched Over

Ready = Sitting, waiting to be received

Vs. 9 — Attaining = To receive what has been yours, but has been held in trust. See Ephesians 1:14, 2 Corinthians 1:22

Gospel of Mark: The Messianic Secret

Did Jesus try to hide His identity?

Bad Association:

Mark 1:24-25

Mark 1:34

Mark 3:11-12

Accusation of Demonic Association — Mark 3:22

Call to Action

Mark 1:44-45  Leper

Mark 5:43 Jarius’ Daughter

Signs Cause Callus of Heart — 6:45-52

Sign Demanded, Signs Rejected — 8:11-13

Mark 2:5 Paralytic

Grace to the Gentiles

Mark 5:14

The True Sign of Discipleship — 8:34-38

Gospel of Mark Introduction

Mark — “The Acts of Jesus”

This is a Gospel, not a biography.

 Mark includes almost no personal details about Jesus. No mention of the virgin birth, no childhood, almost no mention of His family. The only mention of His mother Mary by name is in Mark 6:3, others ridiculing Him.

Other than two short sections (Mark 4 and 8:31-9:13), every word of Jesus contained in this book is a response. We are told He taught, but His teaching is not recorded.

Mark is a book of action — the Works of Jesus Christ.

This Gospel was written by John Mark under the instruction of Simon Peter. 

John Mark was a young teenage man during Christ’s ministry. We assume Mark 14:50-52 refers to him.  His mother Mary was a believer, probably a widow, with a house in Jerusalem where the church gathered (Acts 12:12). Mark was discipled by Peter (I Peter 5:13), their relationship probably being strengthened from this Acts 12 event.  He was a nephew of Barnabas (Colossians 4:10), who traveled with Barnabas and Saul as their servant (Acts 12:25, 13:5), but abandoned the work (Acts 13:13) to return home. He then spent some time in Cyprus with Barnabas (Acts 15:39), before rejoining Paul (2 Timothy 4:11, Philemon 1:24) and eventually joining Peter (I Peter 5:13). 

A quick outline of the Gospel:

  1. Introduction (Mark 1:1-13)
  2. Galilean Ministry (Mark 1:14-9:50)
  3. Last Week in Jerusalem (Mark 10-15)
  4. Resurrection (Mark 16)

Our preaching outline of the Gospel — Themes of the Gospel of Mark

1. Introduction

2. “The Messianic Secret”

3. “The Messianic Revelation”

4. “The Messianic Exaltation”

This City Will Fall

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Joshua 6:14 — And the second day they marched around the city once and returned to the camp. So they did six days.

Can you imagine what it was like for Rahab and her family as they waited under the scarlet cord — the symbol of their redemption — for Israel to conquer the unbelieving city and deliver them? Remember what the victory of Israel meant for this converted Canaanite family: a new relationship with God, a new people, a new position, deliverance from the rejection and scorn of those around them.

I can feel with them the anticipation as the news flooded through the streets that the Jordan at flood had just stopped — just completely stopped flowing! — and allowed a wide road for Israel to come right to the walls. I can’t imagine anyone in her family spent too much time in commerce or amusements among their neighbors. They wouldn’t want to be far from the scarlet cord when the battle commenced.

And then, several days later, the criers are calling the warriors to the walls, “Israel is on the march! Prepare for attack!” This faith filled family I’m sure gathered their things, dressed the children for travel, and huddled together, anticipating. They hear the trumpet blasts and the sound of the thousands of feet of God’s army on the move right outside the walls! And then — nothing. Israel went home. Then the second day was the same. Then the third. Let’s remember that Rahab and her father’s household had no idea of the battle plan. All they knew was God was coming with His army, and they had been promised deliverance. Six days of unfulfilled anticipation!

Do you think they began to have “expectation fatigue”? Can you identify with the disappointment and dampening hope of seeing the world around them continue in ungodliness, when they knew the army was just on the doorstep?

How glorious it must have been on that seventh day, when the marching didn’t stop! How sweet the rescue when it finally came!

I see a picture of the church here. We are in the city, but cannot allow ourselves to be part of it. We are under the scarlet redemption, and dare not stray too far. We read the Scripture and we can almost hear the trumpeters tuning up — but we are yet left waiting. We know redemption is coming, but God has shared so little of the battle plan with us. Sometimes, we tire of waiting. We know He’s coming for us, but we lose the edge of anticipation. We must remain faithful, patient and prepared, just as Rahab’s family did!

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